Certain 1, 2-dichloro-propene pyridinium and quinolinium halide derivatives



United States Patent 3,413,295 CERTAIN 1,2-DICHLORO-PROPENE PY-RIDlNlUM AND QUINOLINIUM HALlDE DERIVATIVES Frank Passal, Detroit, Arthur J. Tomson, Novi, and Warren R. Doty, Clawson, Mich., assignors to M & T Chemicals Inc., New York, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Original application Feb. 1, 1963, Ser. No. 255,692, now Patent No. 3,218,244, dated Nov. 16, 1965. Divided and this application Feb. 25, 1965, Ser. No. 444,482

13 Claims. (Cl. 260-290) The present invention relates to novel compositions of matter and to improved nickel electroplating baths and processes.

This application is a divisional application of application Ser. No. 255,692, filed Feb. 1, 1963.

It is an object of this invention to provide novel compositions of matter. Another object of this invention is to provide a process for producing novel compositions of matter. Still another object of this invention is to provide superior baths for electrodepositing bright and smooth nickel. Another object of this invention is to provide superior processes for electrodepositing bright and smooth nickel. Other objects will be apparent to those skilled in the art on inspection of the following description.

The novel products of this invention according to certain of its aspects comprise 1,2-dichloropropene pyridinium salts which may have the general formula C1 Cl atoms; and a is 0-3. When a is more than 1, the several R groups may be the same or different. R may preferably be methyl. For convenience, these salts which may be salts of pyridine bases or quinoline bases may be referred to herein as pyridinium salts. The quinolinium salts are considered a species of the substituted pyridinium salts.

The novel salts of this invention may be prepared by reacting the quinoline or pyridine base compound with 1,2,3-trichloropropene. Typical preferred pyridine base compounds wherein R is alkyl which may be employed may include pyridine se; l-rnethyl pyridine; 2-methyl pyridine; B-methyl pyridine; l-ethyl pyridine; -2-n-butyl pyridine; 3,5-dimethyl pyridine; 3,4-dimethyl pyridine. A typical preferred compound wherein the heterocyclic ring is quinoline may be Z-methyl quinoline (i.e. quinaldine). The preferred compounds may be pyridine se, and 3,4-dimethyl pyridine.

Typically the preferred 1,2,3-trichloropropene may be the commercially available mixture containing about equal parts of the optical isomers. Reaction may be effected by mixing together the pyridine or quinoline base compound and the trichloro compound. The reaction may be preferably carried out in the presence of an inert diluent or solvent, typically dimethylformamide. The reaction mixture including e.g. pyridine base compound and preferably inert diluent may be cooled to C. to l0 C., and the reaction mixture may be maintained at this temperature for 48240 hours. Preferably however Patented Nov. 26, 1968 ice the reaction may be carried out at ambient temperature of e.g. 20 C.30 C. The reaction mixture is preferably maintained at room temperature for several days during which the pyridinium salt may precipitate as a crystalline material. The product salt may precipitate as well-defined crystals which maybe separated from the reaction mixture, as by filtration, and then washed. Washing may be preferably effected with the solvent or diluent, e.g. dimethylformamide, in a first step and followed by a second washing with acetone. The product quaternary pyridinium salt may be preferably dried under vacuum. These salts may be highly water soluble.

The pyridinium chloride salt may be prepared directly from the 1,2,3-trichloropropene. The chloride anion formed on dissolving the quaternary chloride salt in aqueous solution may be replaced by other soluble, bath-compatible anions. A soluble, bath-compatible anion may be an anion which in combination with the noted compound renders the latter soluble in aqueous nickel electroplating baths in amount sufiicient to give a primary brightening effect; and which is compatible with the compounds of the bath i.e. which does not interfere with satisfactory operation of the bath. Typical anions may include acetate, sulfate, methosulfate, ethosulfate, citrate, and chloroacetate. Preferred anions may include halide, i.e. fluoride, chloride, and iodide, and perchlorate. These other anions may be introduced by the replacement of the chloride anion by e.g. the acetate anion by reacting the chloride quaternary with e.g. silver acetate. Iodide may be substituted for the chloride by reacting the pyridinium chloride in aqueous solution with e.g. sodium iodide in ethanol, etc.

Illustrative of the preparation of the pyridinium salts are the following examples:

Example 1 To a 5-liter reaction vessel equipped with a screw cap there may be added 3720 g. pyridine which may be then preferably chilled to 10 C. in an ice-salt bath. To the chilled contents, there may be added 5320 g. of 1,2,3-trichloropropene and 7210 g. of dimethylformamide solvent. The solution may be kept cold (10 C. to +5"C;) for two days and then maintained at room temperature. After the third day crystallization may be observed at room temperature. The mixture may be then allowed to stand for 10 days at room temperature and filtered. The filter cake may be washed several times with dimethylformamide and finally with acetone. The residue, 6500 g. of 1,2-dichloropropene pyridinium chloride may be dried under vacuum in a desiccator to yield a product having a melting point of 200 C.205 C.

Example 2 The 1,2-dichloropropene pyridinium chloride product of Example 1 may be reacted with sodium iodide in ethanol at room temperature to prepare 1,2-dichloropropene pyridinium iodide (M.P. 167 C.) which may be crystallized from the solution.

Example 3 Following the procedure of Example 1, but mixing and maintaining the reactants at room temperature, 1,2-dichloropropene 3,4-dimethylpyridinium chloride may be prepared utilizing 3,4-dimethylpyridine as reactant in place of pyridine.

Example 4 Folowing the procedure of Example 2, 1,2-dichlor0- propene 3,4-dimethyl pyridinium iodide (M. P. 198 C.- 200 C.) may be prepared from the product of Example 3.

3 Example 5 Following the procedure of Example 1, 1,2-dichloropropene 4-methylpyridinium chloride may be prepared using 4-methylpyridine as reactant in place of pyridine.

Example 6 Following the procedure of Example 2, 1,2-dichloropropene 4methylpyridinium iodide (Ml 195 C.- 197 C.) may be prepared from the product of Example 5.

Example 7 Following the procedure of Example 1, 1,2-dicl1loropropene Z-methylpyridinium chloride may be prepared using Z-methylpyridine as reactant in place of pyridine.

Example 8 Following the procedure of Example 2, 1,2-dichloropropene 2-methylpyridinium iodide (M.P. 168 C.- 170 C.) may be prepared from the product of Example 7.

Example 9 Following the procedure of Example 1, 1,2-dichloropropene 3,5-dimethylpyridinium chloride may be prepared using 3,5-dimethylpyridine as reactant in place of pyridine.

Example 10 Following the procedure of Example 2, 1,2-dichlor0- propene 3,5-dimethylpyridinium iodide (M.P. 157 C.- 158 C.) may be prepared from the chloride product of Example 9.

Example 11 Following the procedure of Example 1, 1,2-dichloropropene quinolinium chloride may be prepared using quinoline as reactant in place of pyridine.

Example 12 L BA N1 or Cl 1 l GHQ-0:011

wherein a is 0 to 3; and R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halide, and hydroxyalkyl radicals having 1-4 carbon atoms.

The novel compounds when used as primary brighteners may be present preferably in amounts of about 0.005 g./l.-O.1 g./l., preferably 0.01 g./l.-0.05 g./l.

The basis metal on which the metal may be electrodeposited in accordance with this invention may preferably be copper or copper alloys; ferrous metals including sheet iron; or other metals including nickel, etc.

Addition agents as brighteners in bright nickel plating baths may be divided, broadly, into two classes on the basis of their function. Secondary brighteners (1) may increase the brightness of an ordinarily dull or matte deposit but not to a full or mirror bright stage and (2) may impart a ductilizing effect. The use of primary brighteners in conjunction with secondary brighteners may result in mirror bright deposits. It is preferred to use with the novel primary brighteners of this invention an auxiliary secondary brightener to provide superior deposit luster. These auxiliary secondary brighteners may preferably be unsaturated hydrocarbon sulfonates including sodium 2-propene-l sulfonate; sodium 3-chloro-2-butene sulfonate; the mixed isomers of sodium 3-butene-2-hydroxy-l-sulfonate and sodium 3-butene-1-hydroxy-2-sulfonate; sodium 2-propyne-1-sulfonate; and sodium 1- phenylethene-Z-sulfonate.

The preferred pyridinium salts of the present invention are particularly potent and extremely effective primary brightenersaThe particular. preferred concentration of the pyridinium salt used in a given bath may depend on the secondary brightener used, the auxiliary secondary brightener, and such other factors as the degree of luster, and rate of brightening and leveling desired, and the finish of the basis metal.

The preferred secondary brighteners may be generally characterized by the presence of at least one sulfone or sulfonic acid group attached to anuclear carbon of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring e.g. benzene, naphthalene, etc. They may be used in amounts of 1 g./l.-75 g./l. and preferably 1 g./l.20 g./l. The preferred secondary brighteners, which may contain a sulfonate or sulfone bonded to an aromatic structure, may include saccharin, dibenzenesulfonamide, and sodium benzene monosulfonate.

The primary brighteners of the present invention may be useful with e.g. Watts Type Baths and High Chloride Type Baths, including those typified by the illustrative baths of Tables I and II.

TABLE I.--WATTS-TYPE BATHS With agitation (either mechanical, air, or

solution circulation by pumping).

1 Electrometric.

TABLE II.HIGH CHLORIDE BATHS Nickel chloride g./l 150 to 300 Nickel sulfate g./l 40 to 150 Boric acid g./l 30 to 50 Temperature C 30 to pH 3.5 to 5.0

With agitation (either mechanical, air, or

solution circulation by pumping).

1 Electrometric.

The plating conditions for electrodeposition from the aforementioned baths may for example include temperature of 40 C.- C., pH of 3.5-5 electrometric, and preferably 3.8-4.5, cathode current density of 1-10 amps. per sq. dm. Typical preferred current density of the baths of Table I may be 4-6 amps. per sq. dm. and for the baths of Table II 5-10 amps. per sq. dm. Agitation may be preferred while plating.

For the purpose of giving those skilled in the art a better understanding of the invention, the following illustrative examples are given.

In Examples 13-33, a Watts-Type Bath having 300 g./l. of nickel sulfate, 60 g./l. of nickel chloride, and 45 g./l. of boric acid was used. In the remaining examples, a high chloride bath having 45 g./l. of nickel sulfate, 250 g./l. of nickel chloride and 45 g./l. of boric acid was used. In Examples 13-19, 21-22, and 26-41, sodium dihexylsulfosuccinate was used as the wetting agent in an amount of 0.1 g./l., with air agitation; in the remaining examples, 0.25 g./l. of sodium lauryl sulfate were used, with mechanical agitation. Brilliant, mirror bright, highly leveled electrodeposits were obtained in all the tests.

In Examples 13-41, the primary brighteners are identified in accordance with the following code C D E DH electrometric Ex. Additives 13 Primary Brightener A- Saecharin 2 Temp., aJdm. 2 C.

Saceharin- Sodium 3-chlor 15 Primary Brightene Saccharin,

16 Primary Brightene Saccharin Sodium 3-ehioro-2 butene sulionate.

3 Primary Brightener E. 3 0 2 Saccharim Sodium 2-chloro-2- butene sullonate Primary Brightener F. Saccharin Sodium 3-chloro-2- butene sulfonate e Primary Brightener A Dibenesulionamide Sodium 3-chloro-2- butene suifonate Primary Brightener A. Saccharin Mixed isomer of sodi um 3-butene-2-hydroxy-l-sulionate and sodium 3-butene-1-hydroxy-2-su1- ionate Primary Brightener .A Saccharin Sodium 2-propyne1 sulionate Primary Brightener B Sodium benzene monosulionate Sodium 3-chloro-2- butene-l su1tonate. Primary Brightener B. Dibenzenesulionamide Sodium 2-propene-1 sulionate Primary Brightener C. Saccharin Sodium 3-chloro-2- butene'l sulionate... Primary Brightener D. Sodium benzene monosulionate Sodium 2-propene-1 suli'onate Piiilmary Brightener 23 l l i i i us ee NQN rep in pro top Q Saceharin Sodium 3-eliloro-2- butane-1 sulfonate.

Pig mary Brightener Sodium benzene monosulfonate.

Sodium 2-propene-lsulionate.

Primary Brightoner Saecharin.

Sodium l-phenylethene-2-sulfonate.

Primary Brightener romptoapuno Sodium benzene monosulfonate.

Sodium l-phenylethene-z-sulionate.

Primary BrightenerA.

Dibenzene sulionamide.

Sodium l-phenylethene-Q-sull'oriate.

Pikizmary Brightener too Saccliarin Sodium l-phenyl- 0t hene-Z-sulfonute.

rem p pH electrometric Additives Amt 32 Primary Brightener C. 0. 04

Sodium benzene 4 monosulfonate.

Sodium l-phenyl- 2 ethene-2-sulfonate.

Primary Brightener 0. 04

Temp, N0. C.

Dibenzene suliona- 2 mi e. Sodium l-phenyl- 2 ethene-Z- sulfonate. Primary Brightener Sodium benzene 4 monosulfonate.

Mixed isomer of 4 sodium 3-butene-2- hydroxy-l-sulionate and sodium butene-1-hydroxy- 2-sulfonate.

Primary Brightener Sodium benzene monosulfonate.

Sodium Z-propyne-l sulionate.

Primary Brightener A.

Saccharin Sodium 3chloro-2- butened sulfonate.

Primary Brightener Saceharin Sodium 3-chloro-2- butene-l sultonate.

Prmary Brightener p one wrap o w 8 Saccharin Sodium 3-chloro-2- butane-1 sulionate.

Pigmary Brightener Saceharin Sodium 3-chloro-2- butene-l sullouate.

Prliamary Brightener Saccharin Sodium 3-chloro-2- butene-l sulionate.

Prli mary Brightener Saeeharin Sodium 3 ch1or0-2- butene-l sulfonate.

wropwrepeempwie 0 The foregoing examples illustrate specific baths and R. 01 (:1 X- car-0:011

wherein a is O to 3; R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals having 1-4 carbon atoms, halide, and hydroxyalkyl radicals having 1-4 carbon atoms; X is a bath soluble, bath compatible anion; and

is selected from the group consisting of pyridine and quinoline.

2. The compound of claim 1 wherein is pyridine.

3,413,295 7 8 3. A compound having the structure 9. 1,2-dichloropropene 4-rnethylpyridinium iodide.

10. 1,2-dichloropropene Z-methylpyridiniurn chloride. 11. 1,2-dichloropropene Z-methylpyridinium iodide.

A 12. 1,2-dichloropropene 3,5-dirnethy1pyridinium chlo- R. 5 ride.

01 Cl 13. 1,2-dich1oropropene 3,5-dimethylpyridinium iodide. i l i x- CH1C=CI-I References Cited Klingsberg: Pyridine and Derivatives, Part #2, Inter- 10 science (1961), page 22, OD401K5C.2.

Clarke et al.: Journal of Chem. Soc. London, pp. 1885, 1891-1892 (1960), DD. 1C6.

wherein a is 03; R is methyl and X is a halide. 4. 1,2-dichlor0propene pyridiniurn chloride, 5. 1,2-dichl0ropr0pene pyridiniurn iodide. 6. 1,2-dichloropropene 3,4-dimethylpyridinium chloride ,Z-dichloropropene 3,4-dimethylpyridiniun1 iodide. HENRY JILES Pmnary Exammer- 7. 8. ,Z-dichloropropene 4-methylpyridiniurn chloride. 15 A. L. ROTMAN, Assistant Examiner. 

1. A COMPOUND HAVING THE STRUCTURE 